Trait frame_support::dispatch::PartialEq

1.0.0 · source · 
pub trait PartialEq<Rhs = Self>where
    Rhs: ?Sized,{
    fn eq(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool;

    fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool { ... }
}
Expand description

Trait for equality comparisons which are partial equivalence relations.

x.eq(y) can also be written x == y, and x.ne(y) can be written x != y. We use the easier-to-read infix notation in the remainder of this documentation.

This trait allows for partial equality, for types that do not have a full equivalence relation. For example, in floating point numbers NaN != NaN, so floating point types implement PartialEq but not Eq.

Implementations must ensure that eq and ne are consistent with each other:

  • a != b if and only if !(a == b).

The default implementation of ne provides this consistency and is almost always sufficient. It should not be overridden without very good reason.

If PartialOrd or Ord are also implemented for Self and Rhs, their methods must also be consistent with PartialEq (see the documentation of those traits for the exact requirements). It’s easy to accidentally make them disagree by deriving some of the traits and manually implementing others.

The equality relation == must satisfy the following conditions (for all a, b, c of type A, B, C):

  • Symmetric: if A: PartialEq<B> and B: PartialEq<A>, then a == b implies b == a; and

  • Transitive: if A: PartialEq<B> and B: PartialEq<C> and A: PartialEq<C>, then a == b and b == c implies a == c.

Note that the B: PartialEq<A> (symmetric) and A: PartialEq<C> (transitive) impls are not forced to exist, but these requirements apply whenever they do exist.

Derivable

This trait can be used with #[derive]. When derived on structs, two instances are equal if all fields are equal, and not equal if any fields are not equal. When derived on enums, two instances are equal if they are the same variant and all fields are equal.

How can I implement PartialEq?

An example implementation for a domain in which two books are considered the same book if their ISBN matches, even if the formats differ:

enum BookFormat {
    Paperback,
    Hardback,
    Ebook,
}

struct Book {
    isbn: i32,
    format: BookFormat,
}

impl PartialEq for Book {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.isbn == other.isbn
    }
}

let b1 = Book { isbn: 3, format: BookFormat::Paperback };
let b2 = Book { isbn: 3, format: BookFormat::Ebook };
let b3 = Book { isbn: 10, format: BookFormat::Paperback };

assert!(b1 == b2);
assert!(b1 != b3);

How can I compare two different types?

The type you can compare with is controlled by PartialEq’s type parameter. For example, let’s tweak our previous code a bit:

// The derive implements <BookFormat> == <BookFormat> comparisons
#[derive(PartialEq)]
enum BookFormat {
    Paperback,
    Hardback,
    Ebook,
}

struct Book {
    isbn: i32,
    format: BookFormat,
}

// Implement <Book> == <BookFormat> comparisons
impl PartialEq<BookFormat> for Book {
    fn eq(&self, other: &BookFormat) -> bool {
        self.format == *other
    }
}

// Implement <BookFormat> == <Book> comparisons
impl PartialEq<Book> for BookFormat {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Book) -> bool {
        *self == other.format
    }
}

let b1 = Book { isbn: 3, format: BookFormat::Paperback };

assert!(b1 == BookFormat::Paperback);
assert!(BookFormat::Ebook != b1);

By changing impl PartialEq for Book to impl PartialEq<BookFormat> for Book, we allow BookFormats to be compared with Books.

A comparison like the one above, which ignores some fields of the struct, can be dangerous. It can easily lead to an unintended violation of the requirements for a partial equivalence relation. For example, if we kept the above implementation of PartialEq<Book> for BookFormat and added an implementation of PartialEq<Book> for Book (either via a #[derive] or via the manual implementation from the first example) then the result would violate transitivity:

ⓘ
#[derive(PartialEq)]
enum BookFormat {
    Paperback,
    Hardback,
    Ebook,
}

#[derive(PartialEq)]
struct Book {
    isbn: i32,
    format: BookFormat,
}

impl PartialEq<BookFormat> for Book {
    fn eq(&self, other: &BookFormat) -> bool {
        self.format == *other
    }
}

impl PartialEq<Book> for BookFormat {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Book) -> bool {
        *self == other.format
    }
}

fn main() {
    let b1 = Book { isbn: 1, format: BookFormat::Paperback };
    let b2 = Book { isbn: 2, format: BookFormat::Paperback };

    assert!(b1 == BookFormat::Paperback);
    assert!(BookFormat::Paperback == b2);

    // The following should hold by transitivity but doesn't.
    assert!(b1 == b2); // <-- PANICS
}

Examples

let x: u32 = 0;
let y: u32 = 1;

assert_eq!(x == y, false);
assert_eq!(x.eq(&y), false);

Required Methods§

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

Provided Methods§

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

Implementors§

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impl PartialEq<_Unwind_Action> for _Unwind_Action

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impl PartialEq<_Unwind_Reason_Code> for _Unwind_Reason_Code

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impl PartialEq<_libc_fpstate> for _libc_fpstate

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impl PartialEq<_libc_fpxreg> for _libc_fpxreg

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impl PartialEq<_libc_xmmreg> for _libc_xmmreg

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impl PartialEq<__c_anonymous_ptrace_syscall_info_entry> for __c_anonymous_ptrace_syscall_info_entry

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impl PartialEq<__c_anonymous_ptrace_syscall_info_exit> for __c_anonymous_ptrace_syscall_info_exit

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impl PartialEq<__c_anonymous_ptrace_syscall_info_seccomp> for __c_anonymous_ptrace_syscall_info_seccomp

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impl PartialEq<__exit_status> for __exit_status

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impl PartialEq<__timeval> for __timeval

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impl PartialEq<__c_anonymous_ifru_map> for __c_anonymous_ifru_map

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impl PartialEq<__c_anonymous_sockaddr_can_j1939> for __c_anonymous_sockaddr_can_j1939

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impl PartialEq<__c_anonymous_sockaddr_can_tp> for __c_anonymous_sockaddr_can_tp

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impl PartialEq<input_keymap_entry> for input_keymap_entry

We hide fields largely so that only compairing the compressed forms works.

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impl PartialEq<__c_anonymous_ptrace_syscall_info_data> for __c_anonymous_ptrace_syscall_info_data

Constant-time comparison

This trait is implemented for function pointers with up to twelve arguments.

This trait is implemented for function pointers with up to twelve arguments.

This trait is implemented for function pointers with up to twelve arguments.

This trait is implemented for function pointers with up to twelve arguments.

This trait is implemented for function pointers with up to twelve arguments.

This trait is implemented for function pointers with up to twelve arguments.

This trait is implemented for function pointers with up to twelve arguments.

This trait is implemented for function pointers with up to twelve arguments.

This trait is implemented for function pointers with up to twelve arguments.

This trait is implemented for function pointers with up to twelve arguments.

Tests if two BitSlices are semantically — not representationally — equal.

It is valid to compare slices of different ordering or memory types.

The equality condition requires that they have the same length and that at each index, the two slices have the same bit value.

Original

This trait is implemented for tuples up to twelve items long.